ID2+lab4+(Parte+2)

Cause and Effect  ( Indicators )

1. Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden slip along geologic faults. The faults slip because of movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates.

Most earthquakes the sudden slip along geologic faults caused by 

2. But in some locations, where the friction between the plates is too great, whole sections become stuck against each other. As the rest of a plate keeps moving, the pressure on the stuck sections increases.

where the friction between the plates is too great  sections become stuck against each other

 3. Volcanic earthquakes are caused by the upward movement of magma under the volcano, which strains the rock locally and leads to an earthquake . 

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">Volcanic earthquakes the upward movement of magma under the volcano <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">caused by <span style="color: rgb(51,102,255);"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-family: Verdana;">4.Earthquakes also occur when human activities, such as the filling of reservoirs, increase stress in the Earth’s crust.

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #7030a0; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">when human activities, such as the filling of reservoirs, increase stress in the Earth’s crust <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #00b050; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Earthquakes <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: #ff0066; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">occur

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,102,0); font-family: Verdana;"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-family: Verdana;">Scientists have determined that as water level in a reservoir increases, water pressure in pores inside the rocks along local faults also increases.

water level in a reservoir increases <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">that as <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">water pressure in pores inside the rocks along local faults also increases Earthquakes human activities, such as the filling of reservoirs. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">increase stress in the Earth’s crust. <span style="color: rgb(51,153,102);">

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">occur when <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(204,153,255); font-family: Verdana;"> 6. Most of the damage from an earthquake is caused by the shaking of the ground as waves of energy pass through it.<span style="color: rgb(204,153,255);"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,102,0); font-family: Verdana;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">the damage from an earthquake the shaking of the ground as waves of energy pass through it. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">caused by <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(204,153,255); font-family: Verdana;"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-family: Verdana;">On the surface of the Earth, Rayleigh waves cause rock particles to move forward, up, backward, and down in a path that contains the direction of the wave travel. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(204,153,255); font-family: Verdana;"> <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,102,0); font-family: Verdana;"> Rayleigh waves <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">Cause <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">rock particles to move forward, up, backward, and down in a path that contains the direction of the wave travel. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,102,255); font-family: Verdana;"> 8. More destruction comes from the ground rupturing either vertically or horizontally as few buildings can withstand being torn apart by such movement at the surface. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">More destruction <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">comes from the ground rupturing either vertically or horizontally as few buildings can withstand being torn apart by such movement at the surface <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,102,0); font-family: Verdana;">

<span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(0,112,192); font-family: Verdana;">

9. If the ground moves in waves that come at the same frequency as the motion of the still-swaying building, then the stress on the structure will be greatly increased.

If the ground moves in waves that come at the same frequency as the motion of the still-swaying building <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">Then <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">the stress on the structure will be greatly increased <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(227,108,10); font-family: Verdana;"> 10. After the spectacular collapse of eight highway bridges during the Loma Prieta and Northridge earthquakes, the California Department of Transportation accelerated its program of retrofitting bridges throughout the state. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(227,108,10); font-family: Verdana;"> the spectacular collapse of eight highway bridges during the Loma Prieta and Northridge earthquakes <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(255,0,102); font-family: Verdana;">After <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(51,153,102); font-family: Verdana;">the California Department of Transportation accelerated its program of retrofitting bridges throughout the state. <span style="font-size: 14pt; color: rgb(227,108,10); font-family: Verdana;">